昆明城市气候水平空间分布特征   总被引：9，自引：8，他引：9  

何云玲  张一平  刘玉洪  马友鑫  李佑荣  窦军霞  郭萍 《地理科学》2002,22(6):724-729

以昆明城市为研究对象，对城市西南-东北剖线的实测资料比较研究，从气温、水汽压、相对湿度、风速、风向等方面分析了昆明城市气候特征、变化规律及城市热岛效应。研究表明：在昆明存在热岛效应，以夜间最为明显，其最强度效应可达5.0℃，出现时刻（3时）与国内外多数研究结果（傍晚）有所不同；昆明城市昼间呈现明显的干岛效应。所得结论可为探讨昆明城市气候特片和形成机制，城市环境污染防治及建筑规划、设计等提供依据。  相似文献   

城市群演化的空间过程及土地利用优化配置   总被引：23，自引：3，他引：23  

薛东前  王传胜 《地理科学进展》2002,21(2):95-102

城市群演化包含了诸多内容 ,如人口、产业、城市类型、城市职能等 ,而空间过程是最直接、最综合的表现。  相似文献   

中国城市与城市发展理论的历史   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

薛凤旋 《地理学报》2002,57(6):723-730

论述中国自周期以来的城市概念和理论，指出中国城市性质和城市结构的自有特点及其与西方发展经验为基础的城市概念和理论不同，将中国漫长的演变历史分为封建时代，中华人民共和国建立至1978年和1978年以后的改革开放3个时期。3个时期所形成的城市概念和理论，都有中国特色，是中国城市及城市化向前发展的重要的理解和指导基础。  相似文献   

基于引力模型的城市空间互相关和功率谱分析——引力模型的理论证明、函数推广及应用实例   总被引：53，自引：7，他引：53  

陈彦光  刘继生 《地理研究》2002,21(6):742-752

空间相互作用是先于城市体系而存在的重要概念 ,引力模型是描述空间相互作用的基本函数之一 ,但引力模型的理论基础不明确而且实际应用有局限。本文首先从城市地理系统的广义分形假设出发 ,推导出引力模型的幂函数形式 ,使其从一个经验模型上升为理论模型 ;进而引入时变函数和时滞参数将引力模型推广为更为一般和更加实用的形式 ,为发展城市引力过程的空间互相关分析和功率谱分析方法奠定了理论基础。借助 194 9～ 1998年 5 0年的人口演化数据 ,以北京 -天津的空间相互作用为实例 ,对基于城市引力关系的空间作用进行了相关分析和波谱分析 ,从而提供了城市网络空间相互作用广义引力分析的典型范例。  相似文献   

基于神经网络的单元自动机CA及真实和忧化的城市模拟   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

黎夏  叶嘉安 《地理学报》2002,(2)

提出了一种基于神经网络的单元自动机（ＣＡ）。ＣＡ已被越来越多地应用在城市及其它地理现象的模拟中。ＣＡ模拟所碰到的最大问题是如何确定模型的结构和参数。模拟真实的城市涉及到使用许多空间变量和参数。当模型较复杂时，很难确定模型的参数值。本模型的结构较简单，模型的参数能通过对神经网络的训练来自动获取。分析表明，所提出的方法能获得更高的模拟精度，并能大大缩短寻找参数所需要的时间。通过筛选训练数据，本模型还可以进行优化的城市模拟，为城市规划提供参考依据。  相似文献   

Transport and Housing Security in the Klang Valley, Malaysia     

Paul Barter 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2002,23(3):268-287

This paper explores links between transport and housing security issues for the urban poor using the example of the Klang Valley in Malaysia. The interface between these issues is identified as a gap in the literature, including policy debates, on both housing and transport. A number of linkages are shown to be important and likely to be relevant in many cities of the South, especially those with rapid motorisation and large numbers of "squatters". A simple framework for understanding these linkages is presented. Key examples include displacement to make way for transport infrastructure and the impact on transport problems for the poor of policies affecting the location of urban poor housing, including relocation sites and transit accommodation. The case study of the Klang Valley is used to illustrate and test the relevance of a focus on this issue and the utility of the conceptual framework. Some policy implications of the investigation and case study are suggested.  相似文献   

Life After Death     

Clyde Woods 《The Professional geographer》2002,54(1):62-66

Predictions of the death of impoverished and actively marginalized racial and ethnic communities are premature. Many core African American societies have been devastated by the state, capital, and cultural policies of the last two decades. Simultaneously, geography and the other social sciences have been mobilized in order to prevent a fuller understanding of these communities and of the need for social equity. The further development of several approaches is required to open geography and the other disciplines up for community‐building, rather than community destruction. The incorporation of research in the following areas holds out the promise of revitalizing both: human rights; the ethnic movements underlying restructuring; the social construction of regions; the reproduction of social power; building ethnic alliance; and indigenous knowledge systems.  相似文献   

Using Spatial Statistics to Examine the Pattern of Urban Land Development in Halifax–Dartmouth     

Angela L. Cuthbert  William P. Anderson 《The Professional geographer》2002,54(4):521-532

This article examines the locational patterns of population and employment and the resultant changes in urban form in the Halifax–Dartmouth region between 1970 and 1996. The article employs the univariate and bivariate K function to measure spatial dependence or clustering within and between the classes of residential and commercial land parcels. The results of the K function estimates suggest that residential land parcels cluster together, commercial land parcels cluster together, and residential and commercial land parcels have become more clustered over time. Evidence of clustering provides insight into the changing urban form of the region and possible multinucleation.  相似文献   

RURAL PLACE ATTACHMENT IN HISPANO URBAN CENTERS*     

JEFFREY S. SMITH 《Geographical review》2002,92(3):432-451

ABSTRACT. Continued rural‐to‐urban migration has helped motivate cultural geographers, long suspected of having a rural bias, to include urban areas in their purview. Patterns of gender, class, ethnicity, and commercialization have proved to be fertile subjects for research, but the elastic links between rural and urban places are not yet well understood. Hispanos, despite intense feelings of loyalty to their rural villages, moved en masse to cities in the 1940s. By the 1950s a majority of Hispanos were living in regional urban centers of the upper Rio Grande country, where wages were higher and employment was secure. This Hispano experience is a crucible for examining how urbanites' attachment to rural places is manifested in various cultural expressions brought from country to city: painted murals, burial preferences, popular music, and irrigation ditches. Understanding threads of rural culture that have been incorporated into the urban fabric in turn leads to clearer comprehension of the emotional attachment that urbanites have for rural areas and a better appreciation of the complexity of the urban cultural environment.  相似文献   

Geopolitics, water and development in South Asia: cooperative development in the Ganges–Brahmaputra delta     

Stephen Brichieri-Colombi  Robert W Bradnock† 《The Geographical journal》2003,169(1):43-64

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